Australian Dental Council (ADC) Test 2026 – 400 Free Practice Questions to Pass the Exam

Apical periodontitis is an inflammatory condition that affects the periapical tissues of a tooth, typically occurring due to infection or inflammation following dental procedures like pulp extirpation and debridement. The correct answer suggests that multiple factors can contribute to this condition.

Over instrumentation that extends into the periapical area can cause trauma and inflammation, which may lead to irritation of the periapical tissues and ultimately apical periodontitis. This is because the delicate balance of the periapical environment can be disrupted, leading to inflammatory responses.

Entrapped bacteria are another significant factor. During the procedure, if bacteria from the oral cavity or those residing in the pulp chamber are not adequately removed, they can become trapped in the canal system and multiply, leading to infection and subsequent apical periodontitis. This highlights the importance of thorough debridement during endodontic procedures.

Additionally, irritation from chemicals used during treatment, such as disinfectants or irrigation solutions, can further irritate the periapical tissues. If these chemicals are used excessively or if there is a chemical reaction with the tissues, it can promote inflammation, contributing to the development of apical periodontitis.

Consequently, it is plausible that any single factor or a combination of